Laravel学习笔记之Artisan命令生成自定义模板的方法
说明：本文主要讲述Laravel的Artisan命令来实现自定义模板，就如经常输入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就会自动生成一个ShopController.php模板文件一样，通过命令生成模板也会提高开发效率。
说明：本文主要讲述Laravel的Artisan命令来实现自定义模板，就如经常输入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就会自动生成一个ShopController.php模板文件一样，通过命令生成模板也会提高开发效率。同时，作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去，提高阅读效率。
备注：个人平时在写Repository代码时会这样写，如先写上ShopRepositoryInterface并定义好接口方法如all()、create()、update()、delete()、findBy()等等，然后再写上接口对应的实现ShopRepository并注入对应的Model即Shop。别的PostRepository、TagRepository也会是这么写(当然，对于很多重用的Repository方法可以集体拿到AbstractRepository抽象类里供子类继承，实现代码复用)。那能不能直接命令行生成模板文件呢，就不用自己一个个的写了，就像输入php artisan make:controller PostController给我一个Controller模板来。
关于使用Repository模式来封装下Model逻辑，不让Controller里塞满了很多Model逻辑，这样做是有很多好处的，最主要的就是好测试和代码架构清晰，也符合SOLID原则。如果使用PHPUnit来做测试就知道了为啥说好测试了。SegmentFault上也有相关的文章描述。作者也打算最近新开一篇文章聊一聊这个，PHPUnit也打算过段时间聊一聊。
个人研究了下Artisan命令行，是可以的。经过开发后，结果是输入自定义指令php artisan make:repository PostRepository --model=Post(这个option可要可不要)，就会帮我生成一个PostRepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现PostRepository。
模板文件Stub
由于个人需要生成一个RepositoryInterface和对应接口实现Repository，那就需要两个模板文件了。在resources/stubs新建两个模板文件，以下是个人经常需要的两个模板文件(你可以自定义)：
/** * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function all($columns = array('*')) { return $this->$model_var_name->all($columns); } /** * @param int $perPage * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Contracts/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator */ public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*')) { return $this->$model_var_name->paginate($perPage, $columns); } /** * Create a new $model_var_name * @param array $data * @return /$model_namespace */ public function create(array $data) { return $this->$model_var_name->create($data); } /** * Update a $model_var_name * @param array $data * @param $id * @return /$model_namespace */ public function update($data = [], $id) { return $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->update($data); } /** * Store a $model_var_name * @param array $data * @return /$model_namespace */ public function store($data = []) { $this->$model_var_name->id = $data['id']; //... $this->$model_var_name->save(); } /** * Delete a $model_var_name * @param array $data * @param $id * @return /$model_namespace */ public function delete($data = [], $id) { $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->delete(); } /** * @param $id * @param array $columns * @return array|/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function find($id, $columns = array('*')) { $$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->get($columns); return $$model_name; } /** * @param $field * @param $value * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*')) { $$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns); return $$model_name; }}模板文件里包括参数，这些参数将会根据命令行中输入的参数和选项被相应替换：
复制代码 代码如下:
['$repository_namespace', '$model_namespace', '$repository_interface_namespace', '$repository_interface', '$class_name', '$model_name', '$model_var_name']
Artisan命令生成Repository模板文件
生成Artisan命令并注册
Laravel提供了Artisan命令自定义，输入指令:
php artisan make:console MakeRepositoryCommand
然后改下签名和描述：
// app/Console/Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand /** * The name and signature of the console command. * * @var string */ protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}'; /** * The console command description. * * @var string */ protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';这里{repository}是必填参数并指明(选填参数加个?，就和路由参数一样)，将会被$this->argument('repository')方法捕捉到，{--model=}是选项，可填可不填，将会被$this->option('model')方法捕捉到。填上这个命令的描述，最后在Console的Kernel里注册下命令：
// app/Console/Kernelprotected $commands = [ // Commands/Inspire::class,// Commands/RedisSubscribe::class,// Commands/RedisPublish::class,// Commands/MakeTestRepositoryCommand::class, Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand::class, ];
然后输入php artisan命令后就能看到这个make:repository命令了。
自动化生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
在MakeRepositoryCommand.php命令执行文件里写上模板自动生成逻辑，代码也不长，有些逻辑也有注释，可看：
use Config;use Illuminate/Console/Command;use Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem;use Illuminate/Support/Composer;class MakeRepositoryCommand extends Command{ /** * The name and signature of the console command. * * @var string */ protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}'; /** * The console command description. * * @var string */ protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface'; /** * @var */ protected $repository; /** * @var */ protected $model; /** * Create a new command instance. * * @param Filesystem $filesystem * @param Composer $composer */ public function __construct(Filesystem $filesystem, Composer $composer) { parent::__construct(); $this->files = $filesystem; $this->composer = $composer; } /** * Execute the console command. * * @return mixed */ public function handle() { //获取repository和model两个参数值 $argument = $this->argument('repository'); $option = $this->option('model'); //自动生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件 $this->writeRepositoryAndInterface($argument, $option); //重新生成autoload.php文件 $this->composer->dumpAutoloads(); } private function writeRepositoryAndInterface($repository, $model) { if($this->createRepository($repository, $model)){ //若生成成功,则输出信息 $this->info('Success to make a '.ucfirst($repository).' Repository and a '.ucfirst($repository).'Interface Interface'); } } private function createRepository($repository, $model) { // getter/setter 赋予成员变量值 $this->setRepository($repository); $this->setModel($model); // 创建文件存放路径, RepositoryInterface放在app/Repositories,Repository个人一般放在app/Repositories/Eloquent里 $this->createDirectory(); // 生成两个文件 return $this->createClass(); } private function createDirectory() { $directory = $this->getDirectory(); //检查路径是否存在,不存在创建一个,并赋予775权限 if(! $this->files->isDirectory($directory)){ return $this->files->makeDirectory($directory, 0755, true); } } private function getDirectory() { return Config::get('repository.directory_eloquent_path'); } private function createClass() { //渲染模板文件,替换模板文件中变量值 $templates = $this->templateStub(); $class = null; foreach ($templates as $key => $template) { //根据不同路径,渲染对应的模板文件 $class = $this->files->put($this->getPath($key), $template); } return $class; } private function getPath($class) { // 两个模板文件,对应的两个路径 $path = null; switch($class){ case 'Eloquent': $path = $this->getDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getRepositoryName().'.php'; break; case 'Interface': $path = $this->getInterfaceDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getInterfaceName().'.php'; break; } return $path; } private function getInterfaceDirectory() { return Config::get('repository.directory_path'); } private function getRepositoryName() { // 根据输入的repository变量参数,是否需要加上'Repository' $repositoryName = $this->getRepository(); if((strlen($repositoryName) < strlen('Repository')) || strrpos($repositoryName, 'Repository', -11)){ $repositoryName .= 'Repository'; } return $repositoryName; } private function getInterfaceName() { return $this->getRepositoryName().'Interface'; } /** * @return mixed */ public function getRepository() { return $this->repository; } /** * @param mixed $repository */ public function setRepository($repository) { $this->repository = $repository; } /** * @return mixed */ public function getModel() { return $this->model; } /** * @param mixed $model */ public function setModel($model) { $this->model = $model; } private function templateStub() { // 获取两个模板文件 $stubs = $this->getStub(); // 获取需要替换的模板文件中变量 $templateData = $this->getTemplateData(); $renderStubs = []; foreach ($stubs as $key => $stub) { // 进行模板渲染 $renderStubs[$key] = $this->getRenderStub($templateData, $stub); } return $renderStubs; } private function getStub() { $stubs = [ 'Eloquent' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository.stub'), 'Interface' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository_interface.stub'), ]; return $stubs; } private function getTemplateData() { $repositoryNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_namespace'); $modelNamespace = 'App//'.$this->getModelName(); $repositoryInterfaceNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_interface_namespace'); $repositoryInterface = $this->getInterfaceName(); $className = $this->getRepositoryName(); $modelName = $this->getModelName(); $templateVar = [ 'repository_namespace' => $repositoryNamespace, 'model_namespace' => $modelNamespace, 'repository_interface_namespace' => $repositoryInterfaceNamespace, 'repository_interface' => $repositoryInterface, 'class_name' => $className, 'model_name' => $modelName, 'model_var_name' => strtolower($modelName), ]; return $templateVar; } private function getRenderStub($templateData, $stub) { foreach ($templateData as $search => $replace) { $stub = str_replace('$'.$search, $replace, $stub); } return $stub; } private function getModelName() { $modelName = $this->getModel(); if(isset($modelName) && !empty($modelName)){ $modelName = ucfirst($modelName); }else{ // 若option选项没写,则根据repository来生成Model Name $modelName = $this->getModelFromRepository(); } return $modelName; } private function getModelFromRepository() { $repository = strtolower($this->getRepository()); $repository = str_replace('repository', '', $repository); return ucfirst($repository); }}这里把一些常量值放在config/repository.php配置文件里了：
<?php/** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: liuxiang * Date: 16/6/22 * Time: 17:06 */return [ 'directory_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories', 'directory_eloquent_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent', 'repository_namespace' => 'App/Repositories/Eloquent', 'repository_interface_namespace' => 'App/Repositories',];
运行一下看可不可以吧，这里截个图：
It is working!!!
是可以生成RepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现文件，这里一个是加了--model选项一个没加的，没加的话这里第一个指令就默认Model的名称是Shop。
生成的文件内容不截图了，看下新生成的ShopRepository.php文件，的确是我想要的模板文件：
<?php/** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: liuxiang */namespace App/Repositories/Eloquent;use App/Shop;use App/Repositories/ShopRepositoryInterface;class ShopRepository implements ShopRepositoryInterface{ /** * @var /App/Shop */ public $shop; public function __construct(Shop $shop) { $this->shop = $shop; } /** * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function all($columns = array('*')) { return $this->shop->all($columns); } /** * @param int $perPage * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Contracts/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator */ public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*')) { return $this->shop->paginate($perPage, $columns); } /** * Create a new shop * @param array $data * @return /App/Shop */ public function create(array $data) { return $this->shop->create($data); } /** * Update a shop * @param array $data * @param $id * @return /App/Shop */ public function update($data = [], $id) { return $this->shop->whereId($id)->update($data); } /** * Store a shop * @param array $data * @return /App/Shop */ public function store($data = []) { $this->shop->id = $data['id']; //... $this->shop->save(); } /** * Delete a shop * @param array $data * @param $id * @return /App/Shop */ public function delete($data = [], $id) { $this->shop->whereId($id)->delete(); } /** * @param $id * @param array $columns * @return array|/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function find($id, $columns = array('*')) { $Shop = $this->shop->whereId($id)->get($columns); return $Shop; } /** * @param $field * @param $value * @param array $columns * @return /Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection|static[] */ public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*')) { $Shop = $this->shop->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns); return $Shop; }}总结：本文主要用Laravel的Artisan命令来自动生成个人需要的模板，减少平时开发中重复劳动。就像Laravel自带了很多模板生成命令，用起来会节省很多时间。这是作者在平时开发中遇到的问题，通过利用Laravel Artisan命令解决了，所以Laravel还是挺好玩的。有兴趣的可以把代码扒下来玩一玩，并根据你自己想要的模板做修改。这两天想就Repository模式封装Model逻辑的方法和好处聊一聊，到时见。希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持金聪精品
感谢